Tuesday, March 17, 2020
Free Essays on Family Law
-FAMILY LAW ESSAY- ââ¬Å"EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM IN RECOGNISING, REGULATING AND PROTECTNG THE MANY TYPES OF FAMILIES THAT EXISTâ⬠A family is defined as 'two or more persons, one of whom is at least 15 years of age, who are related by blood, marriage (registered or de facto), adoption or fostering, who are usually resident in the same household' (ABS). The Family Law Act 1975 protects this concept of 'Family'. However, often the effectiveness of the legal system in recognising, regulating and protecting the different types of families that exist is debated. The most common types of families that exist in the Australian society today are marriages, de facto relationship, ATSI and customary marriages and same-sex relationships. Historically, the concept of 'Family' that was recognised by the legal system differed largely to the one that is present today. Women in the past were often on the wrong side of the scale where marriages and divorces were concerned and alternative family arrangements were not recognised in the law, given them little or no regulation and protection. However over time as the society's morals and ethic changed about 'Family', the law was amended to recognise, regulate, and protect the changes, increasing the effectiveness of the legal system in these family arrangements. A marriage is 'the union of a man and women voluntarily entered into for life to the exclusion of all others'. This was defined in the case of Hyde v Hyde and Woodmansee (1866) and is corporated into the Marriage Act 1866 (Cth). The Marriage Act sets down the requirements of a valid marriage, a marriage will be valid only if neither are under the age of 18 years/with parental consent (between the age of 16-17)/permission from a judge if consent is withheld; neither are related in a prohibited way that is related by blood (ancestor, descendant, sister/brother, uncle/aunt, niece/nephew); neither is already married... Free Essays on Family Law Free Essays on Family Law -FAMILY LAW ESSAY- ââ¬Å"EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM IN RECOGNISING, REGULATING AND PROTECTNG THE MANY TYPES OF FAMILIES THAT EXISTâ⬠A family is defined as 'two or more persons, one of whom is at least 15 years of age, who are related by blood, marriage (registered or de facto), adoption or fostering, who are usually resident in the same household' (ABS). The Family Law Act 1975 protects this concept of 'Family'. However, often the effectiveness of the legal system in recognising, regulating and protecting the different types of families that exist is debated. The most common types of families that exist in the Australian society today are marriages, de facto relationship, ATSI and customary marriages and same-sex relationships. Historically, the concept of 'Family' that was recognised by the legal system differed largely to the one that is present today. Women in the past were often on the wrong side of the scale where marriages and divorces were concerned and alternative family arrangements were not recognised in the law, given them little or no regulation and protection. However over time as the society's morals and ethic changed about 'Family', the law was amended to recognise, regulate, and protect the changes, increasing the effectiveness of the legal system in these family arrangements. A marriage is 'the union of a man and women voluntarily entered into for life to the exclusion of all others'. This was defined in the case of Hyde v Hyde and Woodmansee (1866) and is corporated into the Marriage Act 1866 (Cth). The Marriage Act sets down the requirements of a valid marriage, a marriage will be valid only if neither are under the age of 18 years/with parental consent (between the age of 16-17)/permission from a judge if consent is withheld; neither are related in a prohibited way that is related by blood (ancestor, descendant, sister/brother, uncle/aunt, niece/nephew); neither is already married...
Saturday, February 29, 2020
Groundhog Day Statistics
Groundhog Day Statistics Every February 2, tens of thousands of people gather in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania to celebrate Groundhog Day. On this date the groundhog Punxsutawney Phil - that seer of seers and prognosticator of prognosticators - emerges from his burrow in a hollowed out tree stump at Gobblerââ¬Ës Knob. Legend has it that if he sees his shadow, the there will be six more weeks of winter. And if not, then there will be an early spring. Philââ¬â¢s forecasts are spoken in Groundhogese to a member of the Inner Circle. This group of Puxatany notables not only translates Philââ¬â¢s forecast into English, they are also responsible for the care and feeding of Phil throughout the rest of the year. This tradition is said to have started in 1887, and has grown in popularity in the years since. The groundhogââ¬Ës popularity was given an even greater boost following the release of the 1993 Bill Murray movie Groundhog Day. The origins of Groundhog Day come from the Christian celebration of Candlemas. This day, corresponding to 40 days after Christmas, celebrates the day the infant Jesus was presented in the Jewish Temple. February 2 also marks the midpoint of the coldest temperatures in the northern hemisphere. Historically a rule of thumb stated that in order to have enough food for livestock, farmers should have half of their stored provisions remaining on Candlemas day. Little to none of this remains in the modern day celebration of Groundhog Day. What follows is a collection of forecasts from Groundhog Days of years past, according to Punxsutawneys official Groundhog Club. Year Result 1887 Saw Shadow 1888 Saw Shadow 1889 No Record 1890 No Shadow 1891 No Record 1892 No Record 1893 No Record 1894 No Record 1895 No Record 1896 No Record 1897 No Record 1898 Saw Shadow 1899 No Record 1900 Saw Shadow 1901 Saw Shadow 1902 No Shadow 1903 Saw Shadow 1904 Saw Shadow 1905 Saw Shadow 1906 Saw Shadow 1907 Saw Shadow 1908 Saw Shadow 1909 Saw Shadow 1910 Saw Shadow 1911 Saw Shadow 1912 Saw Shadow 1913 Saw Shadow 1914 Saw Shadow 1915 Saw Shadow 1916 Saw Shadow 1917 Saw Shadow 1918 Saw Shadow 1919 Saw Shadow 1920 Saw Shadow 1921 Saw Shadow 1922 Saw Shadow 1923 Saw Shadow 1924 Saw Shadow 1925 Saw Shadow 1926 Saw Shadow 1927 Saw Shadow 1928 Saw Shadow 1929 Saw Shadow 1930 Saw Shadow 1931 Saw Shadow 1932 Saw Shadow 1933 Saw Shadow 1934 No Shadow 1935 Saw Shadow 1936 Saw Shadow 1937 Saw Shadow 1938 Saw Shadow 1939 Saw Shadow 1940 Saw Shadow 1941 Saw Shadow 1942 Partial Shadow 1943 No Appearance by Groundhog 1944 Saw Shadow 1945 Saw Shadow 1946 Saw Shadow 1947 Saw Shadow 1948 Saw Shadow 1949 Saw Shadow 1950 No Shadow 1951 Saw Shadow 1952 Saw Shadow 1953 Saw Shadow 1954 Saw Shadow 1955 Saw Shadow 1956 Saw Shadow 1957 Saw Shadow 1958 Saw Shadow 1959 Saw Shadow 1960 Saw Shadow 1961 Saw Shadow 1962 Saw Shadow 1963 Saw Shadow 1964 Saw Shadow 1965 Saw Shadow 1966 Saw Shadow 1967 Saw Shadow 1968 Saw Shadow 1969 Saw Shadow 1970 No Shadow 1971 Saw Shadow 1972 Saw Shadow 1973 Saw Shadow 1974 Saw Shadow 1975 No Shadow 1976 Saw Shadow 1977 Saw Shadow 1978 Saw Shadow 1979 Saw Shadow 1980 Saw Shadow 1981 Saw Shadow 1982 Saw Shadow 1983 No Shadow 1984 Saw Shadow 1985 Saw Shadow 1986 No Shadow 1987 Saw Shadow 1988 No Shadow 1989 Saw Shadow 1990 No Shadow 1991 Saw Shadow 1992 Saw Shadow 1993 Saw Shadow 1994 Saw Shadow 1995 No Shadow 1996 Saw Shadow 1997 No Shadow 1998 Saw Shadow 1999 No Shadow 2000 Saw Shadow 2001 Saw Shadow 2002 Saw Shadow 2003 Saw Shadow 2004 Saw Shadow 2005 Saw Shadow 2006 Saw Shadow 2007 No Shadow 2008 Saw Shadow 2009 Saw Shadow 2010 Saw Shadow 2011 No Shadow 2012 Saw Shadow 2013 No Shadow 2014 Saw Shadow 2015 Saw Shadow 2016 No Shadow
Groundhog Day Statistics
Groundhog Day Statistics Every February 2, tens of thousands of people gather in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania to celebrate Groundhog Day. On this date the groundhog Punxsutawney Phil - that seer of seers and prognosticator of prognosticators - emerges from his burrow in a hollowed out tree stump at Gobblerââ¬Ës Knob. Legend has it that if he sees his shadow, the there will be six more weeks of winter. And if not, then there will be an early spring. Philââ¬â¢s forecasts are spoken in Groundhogese to a member of the Inner Circle. This group of Puxatany notables not only translates Philââ¬â¢s forecast into English, they are also responsible for the care and feeding of Phil throughout the rest of the year. This tradition is said to have started in 1887, and has grown in popularity in the years since. The groundhogââ¬Ës popularity was given an even greater boost following the release of the 1993 Bill Murray movie Groundhog Day. The origins of Groundhog Day come from the Christian celebration of Candlemas. This day, corresponding to 40 days after Christmas, celebrates the day the infant Jesus was presented in the Jewish Temple. February 2 also marks the midpoint of the coldest temperatures in the northern hemisphere. Historically a rule of thumb stated that in order to have enough food for livestock, farmers should have half of their stored provisions remaining on Candlemas day. Little to none of this remains in the modern day celebration of Groundhog Day. What follows is a collection of forecasts from Groundhog Days of years past, according to Punxsutawneys official Groundhog Club. Year Result 1887 Saw Shadow 1888 Saw Shadow 1889 No Record 1890 No Shadow 1891 No Record 1892 No Record 1893 No Record 1894 No Record 1895 No Record 1896 No Record 1897 No Record 1898 Saw Shadow 1899 No Record 1900 Saw Shadow 1901 Saw Shadow 1902 No Shadow 1903 Saw Shadow 1904 Saw Shadow 1905 Saw Shadow 1906 Saw Shadow 1907 Saw Shadow 1908 Saw Shadow 1909 Saw Shadow 1910 Saw Shadow 1911 Saw Shadow 1912 Saw Shadow 1913 Saw Shadow 1914 Saw Shadow 1915 Saw Shadow 1916 Saw Shadow 1917 Saw Shadow 1918 Saw Shadow 1919 Saw Shadow 1920 Saw Shadow 1921 Saw Shadow 1922 Saw Shadow 1923 Saw Shadow 1924 Saw Shadow 1925 Saw Shadow 1926 Saw Shadow 1927 Saw Shadow 1928 Saw Shadow 1929 Saw Shadow 1930 Saw Shadow 1931 Saw Shadow 1932 Saw Shadow 1933 Saw Shadow 1934 No Shadow 1935 Saw Shadow 1936 Saw Shadow 1937 Saw Shadow 1938 Saw Shadow 1939 Saw Shadow 1940 Saw Shadow 1941 Saw Shadow 1942 Partial Shadow 1943 No Appearance by Groundhog 1944 Saw Shadow 1945 Saw Shadow 1946 Saw Shadow 1947 Saw Shadow 1948 Saw Shadow 1949 Saw Shadow 1950 No Shadow 1951 Saw Shadow 1952 Saw Shadow 1953 Saw Shadow 1954 Saw Shadow 1955 Saw Shadow 1956 Saw Shadow 1957 Saw Shadow 1958 Saw Shadow 1959 Saw Shadow 1960 Saw Shadow 1961 Saw Shadow 1962 Saw Shadow 1963 Saw Shadow 1964 Saw Shadow 1965 Saw Shadow 1966 Saw Shadow 1967 Saw Shadow 1968 Saw Shadow 1969 Saw Shadow 1970 No Shadow 1971 Saw Shadow 1972 Saw Shadow 1973 Saw Shadow 1974 Saw Shadow 1975 No Shadow 1976 Saw Shadow 1977 Saw Shadow 1978 Saw Shadow 1979 Saw Shadow 1980 Saw Shadow 1981 Saw Shadow 1982 Saw Shadow 1983 No Shadow 1984 Saw Shadow 1985 Saw Shadow 1986 No Shadow 1987 Saw Shadow 1988 No Shadow 1989 Saw Shadow 1990 No Shadow 1991 Saw Shadow 1992 Saw Shadow 1993 Saw Shadow 1994 Saw Shadow 1995 No Shadow 1996 Saw Shadow 1997 No Shadow 1998 Saw Shadow 1999 No Shadow 2000 Saw Shadow 2001 Saw Shadow 2002 Saw Shadow 2003 Saw Shadow 2004 Saw Shadow 2005 Saw Shadow 2006 Saw Shadow 2007 No Shadow 2008 Saw Shadow 2009 Saw Shadow 2010 Saw Shadow 2011 No Shadow 2012 Saw Shadow 2013 No Shadow 2014 Saw Shadow 2015 Saw Shadow 2016 No Shadow
Groundhog Day Statistics
Groundhog Day Statistics Every February 2, tens of thousands of people gather in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania to celebrate Groundhog Day. On this date the groundhog Punxsutawney Phil - that seer of seers and prognosticator of prognosticators - emerges from his burrow in a hollowed out tree stump at Gobblerââ¬Ës Knob. Legend has it that if he sees his shadow, the there will be six more weeks of winter. And if not, then there will be an early spring. Philââ¬â¢s forecasts are spoken in Groundhogese to a member of the Inner Circle. This group of Puxatany notables not only translates Philââ¬â¢s forecast into English, they are also responsible for the care and feeding of Phil throughout the rest of the year. This tradition is said to have started in 1887, and has grown in popularity in the years since. The groundhogââ¬Ës popularity was given an even greater boost following the release of the 1993 Bill Murray movie Groundhog Day. The origins of Groundhog Day come from the Christian celebration of Candlemas. This day, corresponding to 40 days after Christmas, celebrates the day the infant Jesus was presented in the Jewish Temple. February 2 also marks the midpoint of the coldest temperatures in the northern hemisphere. Historically a rule of thumb stated that in order to have enough food for livestock, farmers should have half of their stored provisions remaining on Candlemas day. Little to none of this remains in the modern day celebration of Groundhog Day. What follows is a collection of forecasts from Groundhog Days of years past, according to Punxsutawneys official Groundhog Club. Year Result 1887 Saw Shadow 1888 Saw Shadow 1889 No Record 1890 No Shadow 1891 No Record 1892 No Record 1893 No Record 1894 No Record 1895 No Record 1896 No Record 1897 No Record 1898 Saw Shadow 1899 No Record 1900 Saw Shadow 1901 Saw Shadow 1902 No Shadow 1903 Saw Shadow 1904 Saw Shadow 1905 Saw Shadow 1906 Saw Shadow 1907 Saw Shadow 1908 Saw Shadow 1909 Saw Shadow 1910 Saw Shadow 1911 Saw Shadow 1912 Saw Shadow 1913 Saw Shadow 1914 Saw Shadow 1915 Saw Shadow 1916 Saw Shadow 1917 Saw Shadow 1918 Saw Shadow 1919 Saw Shadow 1920 Saw Shadow 1921 Saw Shadow 1922 Saw Shadow 1923 Saw Shadow 1924 Saw Shadow 1925 Saw Shadow 1926 Saw Shadow 1927 Saw Shadow 1928 Saw Shadow 1929 Saw Shadow 1930 Saw Shadow 1931 Saw Shadow 1932 Saw Shadow 1933 Saw Shadow 1934 No Shadow 1935 Saw Shadow 1936 Saw Shadow 1937 Saw Shadow 1938 Saw Shadow 1939 Saw Shadow 1940 Saw Shadow 1941 Saw Shadow 1942 Partial Shadow 1943 No Appearance by Groundhog 1944 Saw Shadow 1945 Saw Shadow 1946 Saw Shadow 1947 Saw Shadow 1948 Saw Shadow 1949 Saw Shadow 1950 No Shadow 1951 Saw Shadow 1952 Saw Shadow 1953 Saw Shadow 1954 Saw Shadow 1955 Saw Shadow 1956 Saw Shadow 1957 Saw Shadow 1958 Saw Shadow 1959 Saw Shadow 1960 Saw Shadow 1961 Saw Shadow 1962 Saw Shadow 1963 Saw Shadow 1964 Saw Shadow 1965 Saw Shadow 1966 Saw Shadow 1967 Saw Shadow 1968 Saw Shadow 1969 Saw Shadow 1970 No Shadow 1971 Saw Shadow 1972 Saw Shadow 1973 Saw Shadow 1974 Saw Shadow 1975 No Shadow 1976 Saw Shadow 1977 Saw Shadow 1978 Saw Shadow 1979 Saw Shadow 1980 Saw Shadow 1981 Saw Shadow 1982 Saw Shadow 1983 No Shadow 1984 Saw Shadow 1985 Saw Shadow 1986 No Shadow 1987 Saw Shadow 1988 No Shadow 1989 Saw Shadow 1990 No Shadow 1991 Saw Shadow 1992 Saw Shadow 1993 Saw Shadow 1994 Saw Shadow 1995 No Shadow 1996 Saw Shadow 1997 No Shadow 1998 Saw Shadow 1999 No Shadow 2000 Saw Shadow 2001 Saw Shadow 2002 Saw Shadow 2003 Saw Shadow 2004 Saw Shadow 2005 Saw Shadow 2006 Saw Shadow 2007 No Shadow 2008 Saw Shadow 2009 Saw Shadow 2010 Saw Shadow 2011 No Shadow 2012 Saw Shadow 2013 No Shadow 2014 Saw Shadow 2015 Saw Shadow 2016 No Shadow
Thursday, February 13, 2020
A Culture of Collaboration among the Community Members Case Study - 11
A Culture of Collaboration among the Community Members - Case Study Example There are five disciplines of learning in an organization. The first is the personal mastery this is individual learning; no organization can learn until the members start to learn. One must define what he or she is trying to achieve (Easterby 2001). In the case example, when Charlotte was 27 years old she had an idea for a weekly magazine. Being a journalist, she had the right knowledge on how to run the business. She defined what she was trying to achieve and provided the first discipline of learning to the organization she was going to form. By approaching the businesspersons, she had seen how close she was to her goal, which was to start a weekly magazine (Teri 2000). Anyone who came to work in the organization was young, and mostly just out of college. Under the leadership of Ifeoma and Charlotte, they became a hard-working group with everyone unleashing the creative energy in them. The group became a committed and hard working group that was determined to change what was called the ââ¬Å"staid faceâ⬠of journalism in their country (Teri 2000). The second discipline is the mental model. This is oneââ¬â¢s way of examining the universe and must be accurate in the espoused theory and the theory that is in use. What one says should correspond with what the individual does (Easterby 2001). The controversial and thought-provoking stories that were run by the magazine; were run with the writers playing the devilââ¬â¢s advocate. These stories corresponded with the magazine's goals and objectives, which were to shape the social trends among the youth. Judging from the feedback, they got from these stories they had succeeded. The organization had aligned what they were working to achieve with what they did on a daily basis, and this created the foundation for tier success (Teri 2000).à For any team to be successful then it, the team must have several characteristics. The team must have a clear and elevating goal; the goal of the team in the case study was to shape the social trends among the youth (Easterby 2001). The team must have a result driven structure, in the case study the magazine depended on the responses that they got from running their stories in the form of the number of magazines that they sold.Ã
Saturday, February 1, 2020
Management of Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Management of Information Systems - Essay Example 2. B2B systems can be operated in accordance within the budgetary constraints of the businesses, which may vary from being substantial, little or even minimal (Linthicum 36). Hence, B2B systems are extremely flexible and can adapt to varied resource allocations. 2. B2B systems being technology dependent are highly vulnerable to technology constraints. Thus, technical problems may jeopardize a BTB e-commerce system, which may directly translate into a loss of the potential customers (Linthicum 41). 1. The customers can shop and at any time, in the convenience of their own premises, without having to resort to the botheration of moving out and exerting themselves. In that context, B2B systems qualify to be called 24-hour shops. 3. B2B commerce systems tend to be the ultimate hassle free venues, un-necessitating all the exertion of haggling with salespersons, moving from one shop to other and other such related inconveniences. 1. Security is the primary concern why customers tend to avoid B2B e-commerce systems (Linthicum 16). Such systems are many times vulnerable to data theft, thereby leading to swindles, frauds, scams and financial losses. 2. B2B e-commerce systems not backed by efficient after sales and customer services leave the customers unsatisfied and worried. Customers often find it hard to get the required information and help in a prompt and efficient manner. A B2B e-commerce system can avoid the usual and specific problems and can immensely improve itself to face challenges by recognizing and well managing the Critical Success Factors (CSF) (Aggestam & Soderstrom 102). Thus, any possible strategy for improvement should not only identify and prioritize the associated Critical Success Factors (CSF), but should look to it that the identified factors tend to be few and manageable. Such an approach brings in an element of organization and orderliness in the overall task of system management, but also helps avoiding the allocation of scarce resources to ignorable and less crucial problems.The lessons learned from the failed projects can prove to be a rich source of necessary
Friday, January 24, 2020
The New Woman in Fanuââ¬â¢s Carmilla, Stokerââ¬â¢s Dracula, and Buffy the Vampi
The New Woman in Fanuââ¬â¢s Carmilla, Stokerââ¬â¢s Dracula, and Buffy the Vampire Slayer The correlation between the vampire, a figure that is usually regarded as the subject of social ostracism, and the New Woman, the advent of which was feared by the majority of the British Victorian patriarchy, was a prominent aspect of much mid-to-late Victorian era literature. Supplementary evidence to support the compelling Victorian era literary connection between the vampire and the New Woman can be extrapolated from the unique gender role standards that defined that socially complex era. As Catherine Siemann suggests in her essay, ââ¬Å"Darkness Falls on the Endless Summer: Buffy as Gidget for the Fin de Siecle,â⬠the Victorian New Womanââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"personal autonomy, economic independence and sexual self-determination led [her] to be seen as a threat, undermining the social orderâ⬠(Wilcox and Lavery 124). In transforming New Woman-like literary characters into vampires, their punishment or destruction could be interpreted as a culturally acceptable way to metaphorically control the New Woman, thereby keeping the existing patriarchal domin ation unblemished and intact. Thus, literature offered the Victorian patriarchy a psychological defense against this perceived cultural ââ¬Å"threat;â⬠unsurprisingly, male authors were the ones responsible for a good portion of these texts. While New Woman-like vampires are featured in many Victorian works, including Charles Baudelaireââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Vampireâ⬠(1857) and Julian Osgood Fieldââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"A Kiss of Judasâ⬠(1894), perhaps none capture, in metaphoric form, the anxiety about, and the alleged viciousness toward, the New Woman better than Joseph Sheridan Le Fanuââ¬â¢s novella Carmilla (1872) and Bram Stokerââ¬â¢s Dracula (1897). T... ...hers, Inc., 2002. 120-129. Stoker, Bram. Dracula. 1897. New York: Dover Publications Inc., 2000. Vint, Sheryl. ââ¬Å" ââ¬ËKilling Us Softlyââ¬â¢?: A Feminist Search for the ââ¬ËRealââ¬â¢ Buffy.â⬠Slayage: The On-Line International Journal of Buffy Studies 5. 10 pp. Web 21 Apr. 2015. http://www.slayage.tv/essays/slayage5/vint.htm>. ââ¬Å"Whatââ¬â¢s My Line?, Part 2.â⬠Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Created by Joss Whedon. Perf. Sarah Michelle Gellar & Alyson Hannigan. WB. New York: 24 Nov. 1997. Wilcox, Rhonda V. and David Lavery, ed. Fighting the Forces: Whatââ¬â¢s At Stake in Buffy the Vampire Slayer. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2002. Wisker, Gina. ââ¬Å"Vampires and School Girls: High School Jinks on the Hellmouth.â⬠Slayage: The On-Line International Journal of Buffy Studies 2. 12 pp. Web 21 Apr. 2015. http://www.slayage.tv/essays/slayage2/wisker.htm>. The New Woman in Fanuââ¬â¢s Carmilla, Stokerââ¬â¢s Dracula, and Buffy the Vampi The New Woman in Fanuââ¬â¢s Carmilla, Stokerââ¬â¢s Dracula, and Buffy the Vampire Slayer The correlation between the vampire, a figure that is usually regarded as the subject of social ostracism, and the New Woman, the advent of which was feared by the majority of the British Victorian patriarchy, was a prominent aspect of much mid-to-late Victorian era literature. Supplementary evidence to support the compelling Victorian era literary connection between the vampire and the New Woman can be extrapolated from the unique gender role standards that defined that socially complex era. As Catherine Siemann suggests in her essay, ââ¬Å"Darkness Falls on the Endless Summer: Buffy as Gidget for the Fin de Siecle,â⬠the Victorian New Womanââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"personal autonomy, economic independence and sexual self-determination led [her] to be seen as a threat, undermining the social orderâ⬠(Wilcox and Lavery 124). In transforming New Woman-like literary characters into vampires, their punishment or destruction could be interpreted as a culturally acceptable way to metaphorically control the New Woman, thereby keeping the existing patriarchal domin ation unblemished and intact. Thus, literature offered the Victorian patriarchy a psychological defense against this perceived cultural ââ¬Å"threat;â⬠unsurprisingly, male authors were the ones responsible for a good portion of these texts. While New Woman-like vampires are featured in many Victorian works, including Charles Baudelaireââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Vampireâ⬠(1857) and Julian Osgood Fieldââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"A Kiss of Judasâ⬠(1894), perhaps none capture, in metaphoric form, the anxiety about, and the alleged viciousness toward, the New Woman better than Joseph Sheridan Le Fanuââ¬â¢s novella Carmilla (1872) and Bram Stokerââ¬â¢s Dracula (1897). T... ...hers, Inc., 2002. 120-129. Stoker, Bram. Dracula. 1897. New York: Dover Publications Inc., 2000. Vint, Sheryl. ââ¬Å" ââ¬ËKilling Us Softlyââ¬â¢?: A Feminist Search for the ââ¬ËRealââ¬â¢ Buffy.â⬠Slayage: The On-Line International Journal of Buffy Studies 5. 10 pp. Web 21 Apr. 2015. http://www.slayage.tv/essays/slayage5/vint.htm>. ââ¬Å"Whatââ¬â¢s My Line?, Part 2.â⬠Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Created by Joss Whedon. Perf. Sarah Michelle Gellar & Alyson Hannigan. WB. New York: 24 Nov. 1997. Wilcox, Rhonda V. and David Lavery, ed. Fighting the Forces: Whatââ¬â¢s At Stake in Buffy the Vampire Slayer. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2002. Wisker, Gina. ââ¬Å"Vampires and School Girls: High School Jinks on the Hellmouth.â⬠Slayage: The On-Line International Journal of Buffy Studies 2. 12 pp. Web 21 Apr. 2015. http://www.slayage.tv/essays/slayage2/wisker.htm>.
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